Abstract:
This study investigates the determinants of migration among young people aged 20–30 in
the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on social, economic, and political
factors. Employing a quantitative research methodology, data were collected from a
purposive sample of 100 respondents using structured questionnaires. The aim was to
understand the underlying causes that drive youth migration in a post-conflict setting.
Descriptive analysis revealed that 60% of the respondents had already migrated or intended
to migrate, with the majority citing economic reasons such as lack of job opportunities, low
income, and inadequate career prospects. Political instability, including unfavorable
government policies and governance issues, also emerged as a significant driver of
migration. Social factors such as family influence and social networks were examined in
detail. Chi-square tests indicated significant associations between migration decisions and
factors such as education level, income status, employment prospects, political unrest, and
the broader policy environment. Interestingly, while social networks played a facilitative
role in supporting migration, family pressure was statistically insignificant, emphasizing the
increasing importance of personal aspirations and external structural conditions in shaping
migration behavior. Regression analysis further highlighted that economic and political
factors are the most influential predictors, explaining 97% of the variance in migration
decisions. This underscores the profound impact of economic hardship and political
insecurity on young people's desire to seek opportunities elsewhere. The study concludes
with a call for targeted policy interventions aimed at reducing youth migration by addressing
root causes. Recommendations include enhancing local employment opportunities,
improving governance and political stability, investing in education and skills development,
and strengthening social support systems. Additionally, the study advocates for longitudinal
research to track long-term outcomes of migration. These findings provide critical insights
for policymakers and development practitioners working toward sustainable development
and regional stability in Jaffna.
