Determinants of Migration among youth in Jaffna District

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of migration among young people aged 20–30 in the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on social, economic, and political factors. Employing a quantitative research methodology, data were collected from a purposive sample of 100 respondents using structured questionnaires. The aim was to understand the underlying causes that drive youth migration in a post-conflict setting. Descriptive analysis revealed that 60% of the respondents had already migrated or intended to migrate, with the majority citing economic reasons such as lack of job opportunities, low income, and inadequate career prospects. Political instability, including unfavorable government policies and governance issues, also emerged as a significant driver of migration. Social factors such as family influence and social networks were examined in detail. Chi-square tests indicated significant associations between migration decisions and factors such as education level, income status, employment prospects, political unrest, and the broader policy environment. Interestingly, while social networks played a facilitative role in supporting migration, family pressure was statistically insignificant, emphasizing the increasing importance of personal aspirations and external structural conditions in shaping migration behavior. Regression analysis further highlighted that economic and political factors are the most influential predictors, explaining 97% of the variance in migration decisions. This underscores the profound impact of economic hardship and political insecurity on young people's desire to seek opportunities elsewhere. The study concludes with a call for targeted policy interventions aimed at reducing youth migration by addressing root causes. Recommendations include enhancing local employment opportunities, improving governance and political stability, investing in education and skills development, and strengthening social support systems. Additionally, the study advocates for longitudinal research to track long-term outcomes of migration. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers and development practitioners working toward sustainable development and regional stability in Jaffna.