Examination Challenges Faced by Visually Impaired Undergraduates in Higher Education Institutions in Sri Lanka

Abstract

In Sri Lanka, undergraduates with visual impairments face many difficulties throughout their academic journey, ranging from social stigma to insufficient exam accommodations. Despite the laws such the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act promoting equality, their inconsistent implementation has resulted in limited benefits of visual impaired students. This study explores the examination challenges encountered by visually impaired students within the selected universities. A quantitative approach was employed, and due to the less population of 33 students the census method was used, ensuring all visually impaired students in the target group were included. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and data confidentiality were strictly observed in this study. Most students reported that the majority of students (approximately 67%) currently take their exams through paper-based formats. In addition, the most widely adopted examination methods for visually impaired undergraduates are Braille question papers and oral examinations with 100% and 95% of respondents respectively. Students also reported a strong need for specific accommodations to support visually impaired students during examinations. Screen readers were reported as the most required support tool (85.7%). When analyzing the barriers to the examinations, the time constraints barrier is the most significant barrier to students’ success in examinations, with 19 respondents as a key challenge. The lack of appropriate accommodations for the visually impaired students (17 respondents) was the second most reported challenge. These findings highlights the need for more inclusive, technology - driven examination solutions that promote social inclusion and equitable access. To ensure equality and enhance accessibility, the study recommends the implementation of technology-driven examination systems such as computer-based systems and mobile application solutions. By addressing these challenges, universities and other institutions can move toward a more equitable academic environment for visually impaired undergraduates.