Assessing Key Success Factors in Community-Based Water Distribution Extension Projects: Evidence from Vavuniya District

Abstract

This study explores the critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the outcomes of community-based water projects (CBWPs), with a specific focus on the Vavuniya Distribution Extension Project (VDEP) in Sri Lanka. Employing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 100 participants using structured questionnaires, complemented by interviews with key stakeholders. Five primary CSFs were identified: technological advancements, community involvement, training and capacity building, leadership attributes, and effective communication. The findings indicate that technological innovations significantly enhanced project efficiency, while strong community involvement promoted ownership and satisfaction. Training and capacity building improved operational capabilities and stakeholder competencies. Conversely, leadership attributes showed a negative influence, highlighting challenges in leadership effectiveness. Transparent and timely communication emerged as a key factor in aligning goals and resolving project related issues. The study also identified several challenges, including financial limitations, logistical constraints, and occasional community resistance. Strategies such as adaptive planning and strategic resource allocation were essential for overcoming these obstacles. Despite minor delays, the VDEP successfully achieved its objectives, demonstrating the pivotal role of the identified CSFs in project success. The study concludes with practical recommendations to enhance project management, strengthen community engagement, and improve adaptability in similar initiatives. Future research is recommended to investigate additional CSFs, apply longitudinal designs, and adopt mixed-method approaches for a more comprehensive understanding of CBWP dynamics.