Exploring the Disaster Management Strategies Special References to Disaster Management Center of Sri Lanka

Abstract

This study reviews the general and specific disaster management strategies of Sri Lanka, focusing on the Disaster Management Centre (DMC). The DMC was established by the Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act No. 13 of 2005 as the main agency for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and response coordination. This study examines how these strategies have been implemented and assesses their effectiveness at different geographic and socio-economic levels, with the aim of narrowing the gap between national policies and district-level implementation. The literature review contextualizes disaster management within the frameworks of the disaster management cycle and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, focusing on preparedness, response, and recovery. The research employs a qualitative methodology, including semi-structured interviews with disaster management officials, supplemented by document analysis. Data from five districts were analyzed thematically, reflecting varying disaster profiles: flood, drought, and landslide. Four themes emerged regarding preparedness strategies, response mechanisms, and recovery practices, as well as challenges in implementation. The study highlights regional differences in resources, community involvement, and infrastructure preparedness, which have implications for the effectiveness of disaster management strategies. The findings suggest that, while the DMC has made significant progress in hazard mapping and early warning dissemination, regional disparities in resource availability and fluctuating community participation remain significant challenges. The study concludes that pathways to increased disaster resilience in Sri Lanka include mainstreaming DRR in broader development planning, equitable resource distribution, and enhanced local capacities through targeted training and community involvement. The study also recommends site-specific approaches, improved inter-agency oordination, and the promotion of public-private partnerships to address existing gaps.