An insurance firm promises to reimburse benefits to the insured when unforeseen events evolve. When such contingencies arise, the underwriter has a liability to pay the claim through loss reserving techniques. The estimation ...

In this paper, we study four types of generalized open sets: Pre-I-open sets, Semi-I-open sets, α-I-open sets, and b-I-open sets, in ideal topological spaces and define the regular and normal spaces for these generalized ...

The world’s primary energy demand has increased significantly due to the industrial revolution and population growth, which create the demand for primary energy. The COVID-19 pandemic situation significantly damages the ...