Journal of Science and Management

Cytogeno Toxicity Evaluation of Waste Water Effluent Discharged from Service Station using Allium Cepa Bioassay

Sat, 01 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Cytogeno Toxicity Evaluation of Waste Water Effluent Discharged from Service Station using Allium Cepa Bioassay Nimalanathan, K.; Nimalan, J. Industrial effluents are a main source of toxicants which cause adverse effects on flora, fauna and human health. In order to determine the cytogeno-toxic effects of effluents from service station, Allium cepa bioassay was used. Effluent samples were collected from discharge point and physiochemical characters were evaluated. In growth inhibition assay, root lengths of Allium cepa were measured after 7 days ' exposure in effluents (O, 1,5, 75, and 100% concentration) to determine the EC50 (Effective concentration for 50% of growth inhibition). The genotoxicity assay was carried out after 48hrs exposure in effluents (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% concentration). Root tip cells were observed under the microscope and the mitotic index (MI), frequency of aberrant cells were calculated. The values of physiochemical characteristics were within the national tolerance limits specified for waste water. There were strong correlations between the concentration and growth inhibition (R2 = 0.97). Effluent had 50% (EC50) of growth inhibitory effects in 80 % of the discharged concentration. The root growth retardation was significantly concentration dependent (P < 0.05). MI values were decreased and total number of aberrated cells were increased with increasing concentration. The dominant aberrations were sticky meta and sticky anaphases. The damages, including bridges, vagrants and c-metaphases and polar slips were also observed in low effluent concentrations. It is concluded that the toxic effect and growth inhibition can be reduced further by diluting the effluent. The proposed A.cepa bioassay is a reliable tool for this study. Genotoxic effects of other industrial effluents can also be monitored by using this assay

Changes in Trade Liberalization Policies and Its Impact on the Performance of Paddy Production in Sri Lanka

Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Changes in Trade Liberalization Policies and Its Impact on the Performance of Paddy Production in Sri Lanka Thayaparan, A. The economy of Sri Lanka opened up gradually since 1977 through liberalized and due to this policy changes economic structure in various aspects have been change signiﬁcantly. Objective of this study is to assess the effect of open economic policy changes on the performance of paddy production in Sri Lanka. To evaluate this effect, secondary data were collected from annual reports of Central Bank from 1960- 2008. For this purpose, data related with paddy production, sown area of land and use of fertilizer were used on a speciﬁc time period interval before and after trade liberalization. A time series data since 1960 to 2008 contain a structural break and therefore the total time period is divided into two sub periods such as from 1960 to 1976 and 1977 to 2008 which represents the periods of before and after policy changes respectively. The data were analyzed using a linear regression model, Cobb — Douglas production function and two independent sample t tests. Further to test the structural changes of the country, the “Chow test" was applied. Results of the chow test for both regression models show that two sub sets of models are different and it proves that a clear change of performance in paddy sector has undergone before and after trade liberalization of the country. The coefficients of area of sown land and fertilizer have 1.868, 3.262 respectively indicates that, since 1977 usage of fertilizer more positively contributes to higher production than area of sown land. Further, results of the two independent sample t tests reveal that there is a statistically signiﬁcant difference in mean values of the above variables in the two time periods.

Bond Market Development in Bangladesh: A Factor Analytical Approach

Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Bond Market Development in Bangladesh: A Factor Analytical Approach Nirnalathasan, B.; Ather, S.M. The present study was attempted to rank bond market development’s factors with respect to their importance in the context of Bangladesh through ‘Principal Components Varimax Rotated Method. The study was complied with help of primary and secondary data. In this case, the researchers selected ninety companies from a list of different economically important sectors conveniently, and endeavored to conduct interview of ﬁfty ﬁve ﬁnancial executives of ﬁfty ﬁve selected companies. The opinions of ﬁfty ﬁve respondents were captured on ﬁve point- Likert scale such as most insigniﬁcant (l) to most signiﬁcant (5). The co-efﬁcient values were all above 0.7, thus meeting Cronbach's (1951) and, Nunnally and Bernstein’s (1994) recommendation of >0.7 as the acceptable reliability level. While academics assisted in assessing face validity, the ﬁnancial executives veriﬁed content validity. The results show that six factors extracted from the analysis explain 86.16% of1he total variance. These factors such as risk and return’, liquidity and government policy, issue management, investment policy’, ‘macro-economic and regulatory’, , and ‘market and issue related factor’ have been ranked as ﬁrst, second, third, fourth, ﬁfth and sixth respectively with respect to their importance. This study would beneﬁt academicians, researchers, policy makers, and practitioners of Bangladesh and other similar countries.

Entrepreneurs’ style and Organizational Performance of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Vavuniya District: A Comparative study between Men and Women Entrepreneurs

Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Entrepreneurs’ style and Organizational Performance of Small Scale Entrepreneurs in Vavuniya District: A Comparative study between Men and Women Entrepreneurs Pushpanathan, A. Research in Asia shows that females and males exhibit signiﬁcantly different priority in production and consumption. Female contribute larger proportions of their personal income toward household expenditures than males and thus are able to retain less proﬁt for reinvestment. This ‘study explores a comparative study of women and men entrepreneurs’ styles and organizational performance of small-scale entrepreneurs in Vavuniya District. The main objective of this study is to compare the relationship between genders’ style and organizational performance of small-scale entrepreneurs in Vavuniya District. This study utilized data from 200 small scale entrepreneur those who are registered under the Industrial Development Board, Vavuniya. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (Principle component with Varimax rotation) of independent variable- entrepreneurs‘ style, and moderating variables — decision-making and employee morale were measured by using the SPSS package. Then the regression results of independent and dependent variables were measured by structural equation model using the AMOS (Analysis of Movement Structure). The results of this study indicated that the Chi-square (X1) value of genders (men=S.862, p=0.2l0 & women=2.739, p= 0.602) is insigniﬁcant level. Further the models are evaluated with a variety of ﬁt indices such as CMIN/DF, GFI, CFI, NFI, and RMSEA. The results indicate that the data ﬁt the model marginally well in the mediating effects of decision-making, employee turnover, and employee morale between Entrepreneurs‘ styles (participative style) and ﬁrm performance in this study (Women CMIN/DF = 0.685, GFI = 0.974, CFI=l.000, NFI=0.935, and RMSEA=0.000 and men CMIN/DF = 1.465, GFI = 0.987, CFI = 0.983, NFI = 0.952, and RMSEA = 0.051). Squared Multiple Correlation value of performance in male is .52 and Female .65. The results indicated that the women Participative leadership style has more effective than the men entrepreneurs’ Participative leadership style in small scale entrepreneurship.